When it comes to managing pain, inflammation, or certain chronic conditions, steroid injections can offer fast and effective relief. You may have heard of people getting “cortisone shots” for joint pain, but what are they, how do they work, and what should you expect?
What are Steroid Shots?
Steroid injections, often referred to as cortisone or corticosteroid shots, are medications used to reduce inflammation in a specific area of the body. These injections contain synthetic versions of cortisol, a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal glands. They are not the same as anabolic steroids that some athletes misuse to build muscle.
How do they work?
Steroid shots work by calming the immune system’s response in the area of inflammation. When your body experiences irritation, injury, or overuse, the immune system sends signals that cause swelling, redness, and pain. Corticosteroids interrupt this process and help reduce that inflammation, which in turn helps reduce pain and improve movement or function.
How are the injections given?
Steroid injections are typically administered by a health provider directly into the affected area. This could be a joint, such as the knee, shoulder, hip, or wrist, or into soft tissue like a tendon or bursa. In some cases, steroid shots may be given into the spine or even into a muscle (intramuscular injection), depending on the condition being treated.
Before the shot, the provider will clean the skin and apply a numbing agent to reduce discomfort. The injection itself is usually quick and may cause brief soreness or pressure at the injection site.
What conditions do steroids treat?
Cortisone or corticosteroid injections are commonly used to treat a wide range of conditions, including:
- Arthritis (such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis)
- Tendonitis (such as tennis elbow)
- Bursitis
- Gout flares
- Lower back pain or sciatica
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Allergic reactions (such as poison ivy or poison oak)
- Asthma flare-ups
What are the benefits?
- Fast relief from inflammation and pain
- Improved mobility in the affected joint or tissue
- Targeted treatment that affects only the area of concern
- Fewer systemic side effects compared to oral steroids
- Convenient and quick in-office procedure
For many people, these injections provide relief when other methods such as rest, ice, or physical therapy are not enough.
How long does it take for the medication to work?
In many cases, patients begin to feel relief within 24 to 48 hours. However, depending on the individual and the condition being treated, it can take up to a week for the full effect to kick in. The duration of relief also varies. Some people experience months of improvement, while others may need repeated injections over time.
Are there any side effects?
Most people tolerate steroid injections well, but there are some potential side effects to be aware of:
- Soreness or bruising at the injection site
- Temporary flare-up of pain or swelling after the shot
- Elevated blood sugar levels (especially for people with diabetes)
- Joint infection (rare but serious)
- Weakening of tendons or cartilage if used too frequently
Our health providers are here to help you feel better, faster. If you think a steroid shot might be right for you or want to learn more about your options, find an urgent care location near you.
Sources:
National Library of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, National Library of Medicine, VeryWell Health, Mayo Clinic