The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says cases of walking pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia) are surging across the U.S., especially among young kids.
Walking pneumonia can affect any age, but is most common in school-aged children, adolescents, and young adults. Children spread the bacteria in schools and are likely bringing it home to their parents and families as well. Walking pneumonia is a milder form of pneumonia, often caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Unlike traditional pneumonia, which can cause severe symptoms and require hospitalization, walking pneumonia is not as severe, allowing individuals to continue daily activities—hence the term “walking.” Mycoplasma pneumonia usually manifests with upper respiratory symptoms, though some kids can also develop red eyes or rashes.
How is Walking Pneumonia Different?
The primary differences between walking pneumonia and typical pneumonia are the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause. Walking pneumonia symptoms are generally less intense and may include:
- A persistent, dry cough that lingers for weeks
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Chest discomfort, especially when coughing
- Headache, chills, sore throat, runny nose and other cold or flu-like symptoms
- Ear pain
While these symptoms often resemble those of a common cold or flu, their prolonged duration often distinguishes walking pneumonia. In contrast, traditional pneumonia often presents with high fever, severe cough, chills, and difficulty breathing.
What are the Causes?
The Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria are spread through respiratory droplets. Outbreaks are more likely in crowded environments like schools, dormitories, and offices.
Other causes may include:
- Viruses such as influenza
- Other types of bacteria
- Fungal infections (rare)
How is it Diagnosed?
Health providers diagnose walking pneumonia based on:
- Symptoms: persistent cough, fatigue, and mild chest pain;
- Physical Examination: listening to the lungs for abnormal sounds;
- Chest X-ray: to distinguish pneumonia from other respiratory issues; and
- Lab Tests: in some cases, a throat swab or blood test may be used to confirm the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
How is it Treated?
Most cases of walking pneumonia are treated on an outpatient basis and may include:
- Antibiotics: effective if the cause is bacterial (e.g., azithromycin or doxycycline);
- Rest: to support recovery;
- Hydration: helps thin mucus and ease coughing; and
- Over-the-Counter Medications: to alleviate fever, pain, or cough.
For viral causes, antibiotics are ineffective, and treatment focuses on symptom management.
Is there a Vaccine for Walking Pneumonia?
Currently, there are no vaccines specifically for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. However, vaccines for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia can reduce the risk of other respiratory infections that may lead to complications.
Do I Need to Seek Treatment?
It is advisable to consult a health provider if you experience:
- Persistent cough lasting more than a week
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- High fever
Prompt medical attention ensures proper diagnosis and treatment, preventing complications such as severe pneumonia or respiratory distress.
Symptoms can persist for 2 to 4 weeks, even with treatment. Full recovery may take longer in individuals with weakened immune systems or pre-existing health conditions.
Prevention
- Practice Good Hygiene: wash your hands regularly and cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing;
- Avoid Close Contact: especially with individuals who are ill; and
- Boost Immunity: maintain a healthy diet, exercise and get adequate sleep.
Recovery from Walking Pneumonia
Fatigue is a hallmark symptom of walking pneumonia. It’s important to avoid overexertion and allow your body to heal.
While walking pneumonia is typically mild, it should not be ignored. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a quicker recovery. If you’re experiencing symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
If you or a loved one has symptoms of walking pneumonia, don’t wait for treatment–find an urgent care location near you. Walk in or reserve a time with Hold My Spot.
Sources:
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Yale Medicine, NPR, UC Davis Health, Cleveland Clinic